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Neuroscience and AI: Learning from Large Language Models

By April 8, 2025No Comments

The Mind-Blowing Link Between Neuroscience and AI

If you’ve been following the latest AI research and reporting, you might’ve come across some fascinating findings that could change the way we think about artificial intelligence. Recently, the brilliant minds at Anthropic – an AI safety and research company – revealed some insights into AI. Their research discusses how AI (specifically large language models (LLMs)) “thinks,” and how neuroscience and AI are linked. If you’re interested in reading the publications from Anthropic, they can be found here and here.

Anthropic’s team discovered that AI models have some surprising similarities to the human brain and some key connections to the field of neuroscience. These AI models, trained on massive datasets, are not just spitting out random information; they’re actually “planning ahead” and making decisions that might seem sneaky or counter-intuitive. Yes, sometimes, LLMs will even “lie” or offer responses that don’t seem to match their true programming. But this isn’t about trickery – it’s about complexity.

How AI Models Think

This all ties back to neuroscience and the brain’s neural networks. Think about it: the human brain has billions of neurons connected by synapses, forming a network that processes and analyzes information to make decisions. In a similar way, large language models use a network of mathematical “neurons” to process language and produce outputs.

When you feed an LLM a question or task, it activates various parts of its neural network. This allows the model to draw on vast stores of information from its previous training. Just like how our brains use past experiences to predict and plan, these models predict the next word or phrase based on context, history, and patterns it has learned over time. But here’s the kicker: sometimes, the output isn’t just random. It’s strategic, almost as if the AI is planning ahead, anticipating the most logical path forward. That process sounds a lot like brain activity, doesn’t it?

Anthropic’s findings reveal that AI models can sometimes deviate from expected patterns to generate more creative or nuanced responses. This research shows that LLMs are capable of complex decision-making in ways we didn’t (and still don’t) fully understand.

Is AI Being Trained to Lie?

Here’s where things get a little weird. Anthropic’s research suggests that LLMs can sometimes produce responses that aren’t fully honest/correct. This doesn’t mean the AI is trying to deceive us intentionally, but rather that its predictions may not always align perfectly with reality. The same way our brains can fill in gaps or make judgments based on assumptions, LLMs do something similar, based on the data they’ve been trained on.

For example, an LLM might confidently answer a question about a historical event, but the details could be wrong. This is simply because the model is drawing from imperfect or biased data sources. In these cases, it’s not “lying” per se – it’s making an educated guess, based on what it knows. This discovery opens the door for better AI safety mechanisms and a deeper understanding of how large language models “think.”

What Does This Mean for Us?

These revelations are huge for not only the AI sector, but the tech world as a whole. Anthropic’s findings point to the potential for even more advanced, human-like AI in the future. As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, these insights could help us develop systems that are safer, more ethical, and more intuitive in their interactions. Understanding the links between neuroscience and LLMs could pave the way for better AI systems in everything from tech support to automation.

The more we learn about how AI “thinks,” the better equipped we’ll be to harness its power responsibly. At PCtronics, we’re always on the lookout for the latest in cutting-edge tech, and these developments in AI are no exception. So stay tuned, because it looks like the future of tech is right around the corner!

Curious about how AI can help you? Reach out to your IT buddies for life at PCtronics to learn how AI and cutting-edge tech can transform your business!

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